別(bie)除(chu)權(quan)在我(wo)國現行的(de)破(po)(po)產(chan)(chan)法(fa)和民(min)(min)法(fa)體(ti)系(xi)中并(bing)非是顯名的(de)獨立(li)實(shi)體(ti)權(quan)利，在破(po)(po)產(chan)(chan)法(fa)中亦尚未(wei)明(ming)確規定(ding)(ding)“別(bie)除(chu)權(quan)”概念。從《破(po)(po)產(chan)(chan)法(fa)》第109條之(zhi)規定(ding)(ding)來(lai)看，別(bie)除(chu)權(quan)的(de)內涵“權(quan)利人有權(quan)就債(zhai)務人特(te)定(ding)(ding)財產(chan)(chan)優先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)”是被現行破(po)(po)產(chan)(chan)法(fa)所認可的(de)。最高人民(min)(min)法(fa)院的(de)《民(min)(min)事案件(jian)案由規定(ding)(ding)》“與破(po)(po)產(chan)(chan)有關的(de)糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)”中亦規定(ding)(ding)有“別(bie)除(chu)權(quan)糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)”，人民(min)(min)法(fa)院在司法(fa)實(shi)踐中亦受(shou)理了一些別(bie)除(chu)權(quan)糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)案件(jian)。

　　別除(chu)權(quan)(quan)對破(po)產人的(de)特定財產設(she)定的(de)優(you)先受(shou)償的(de)權(quan)(quan)利。別除(chu)權(quan)(quan)的(de)成立必須(xu)以實體法上的(de)相關民事權(quan)(quan)利為基礎(chu)。

　　一、別除權之擔保物權基礎(chu)

　　我(wo)國(guo)法律規定的擔保(bao)物權(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)被公認在破產(chan)程序中(zhong)(zhong)可享有(you)別除權(quan)的有(you)抵(di)押權(quan)、質(zhi)權(quan)和留置權(quan)。

　　(一)抵押權

　　抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)是指債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)人(ren)對于債(zhai)務(wu)人(ren)或第(di)三人(ren)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)作為履行債(zhai)務(wu)的(de)擔保的(de)財產，在債(zhai)務(wu)人(ren)不(bu)履行債(zhai)務(wu)時，可以(yi)就其賣得價金優(you)先受償(chang)的(de)權(quan)(quan)利(li)。抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)分為一(yi)般抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)和特(te)別(bie)抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)，一(yi)般抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)主要包(bao)括動產抵(di)(di)押(ya)和不(bu)動產抵(di)(di)押(ya);特(te)別(bie)抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)包(bao)括最(zui)高額(e)抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)、財團抵(di)(di)押(ya)、浮動抵(di)(di)押(ya)等。一(yi)般抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)做為破(po)產別(bie)除權(quan)(quan)的(de)權(quan)(quan)利(li)基礎基本沒有異議(yi)，特(te)別(bie)抵(di)(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)是否能夠成為破(po)產別(bie)除權(quan)(quan)的(de)權(quan)(quan)利(li)基礎還(huan)存在較大爭(zheng)議(yi)。

　　我國法律目前的相關規定主要有：

　　1、《物權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)法》第(di)179條：“為(wei)(wei)擔(dan)保(bao)債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)的(de)履行，債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人(ren)或者(zhe)第(di)三人(ren)不(bu)轉移財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)占有，將該財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)抵(di)押給債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)的(de)，債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人(ren)不(bu)履行到期債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)或者(zhe)發生當事(shi)人(ren)約定的(de)實(shi)現抵(di)押權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)情形，債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)有權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)就該財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優先受償。前款規定的(de)債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人(ren)或者(zhe)第(di)三人(ren)為(wei)(wei)抵(di)押人(ren)，債(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)抵(di)押權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)，提供擔(dan)保(bao)的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)為(wei)(wei)抵(di)押財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。”

　　2、《擔保(bao)法(fa)》第(di)33條：“本(ben)法(fa)所(suo)(suo)稱抵(di)押，是指債(zhai)務(wu)人或者(zhe)第(di)三人不(bu)轉(zhuan)移對本(ben)法(fa)第(di)三十四條所(suo)(suo)列財(cai)(cai)產的(de)(de)占(zhan)有，將(jiang)該(gai)財(cai)(cai)產作(zuo)為債(zhai)權的(de)(de)擔保(bao)。債(zhai)務(wu)人不(bu)履行債(zhai)務(wu)時，債(zhai)權人有權依照本(ben)法(fa)規定以該(gai)財(cai)(cai)產折價(jia)或者(zhe)以拍(pai)賣、變賣該(gai)財(cai)(cai)產的(de)(de)價(jia)款優先(xian)受償。前款規定的(de)(de)債(zhai)務(wu)人或者(zhe)第(di)三人為抵(di)押人，債(zhai)權人為抵(di)押權人，提供擔保(bao)的(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)產為抵(di)押物。”

　　《擔保(bao)法(fa)》第95條：“海(hai)商(shang)法(fa)等法(fa)律對擔保(bao)有特別規(gui)定的(de)，依照其規(gui)定。”

　　3、《海(hai)商(shang)法》第(di)11條：“船舶(bo)抵(di)押(ya)權(quan)，是指抵(di)押(ya)權(quan)人(ren)對于抵(di)押(ya)人(ren)提(ti)供的作為債務(wu)擔保的船舶(bo)，在(zai)抵(di)押(ya)人(ren)不履行債務(wu)時，可以(yi)依法拍賣，從賣得的價款中優先受償的權(quan)利。”

　　4、《民用(yong)航空法(fa)》第(di)(di)16條(tiao)：“設(she)定民用(yong)航空器抵(di)押權，由抵(di)押權人(ren)和抵(di)押人(ren)共同向國務(wu)院民用(yong)航空主管部門辦理抵(di)押權登記;未經登記的，不(bu)得對抗第(di)(di)三人(ren)。”

　　《民用(yong)航空法》第17條：“民用(yong)航空器抵(di)(di)押(ya)權設定后，未經抵(di)(di)押(ya)權人同(tong)意，抵(di)(di)押(ya)人不得將被抵(di)(di)押(ya)民用(yong)航空器轉讓(rang)他人。”

　　(二)留置權

　　留(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)是(shi)(shi)債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人已(yi)經合法(fa)占有了債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人的(de)動(dong)產(chan)，在債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人不能(neng)履行債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)或發(fa)生(sheng)法(fa)律規定的(de)情況下，債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人有權(quan)依法(fa)留(liu)置(zhi)該(gai)動(dong)產(chan)，并(bing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)該(gai)動(dong)產(chan)折(zhe)價或以(yi)(yi)拍賣、變賣該(gai)動(dong)產(chan)的(de)價款(kuan)優先受(shou)償的(de)擔保物(wu)(wu)權(quan)。留(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)作為(wei)一(yi)項以(yi)(yi)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人特定動(dong)產(chan)為(wei)受(shou)償客(ke)體的(de)法(fa)定擔保物(wu)(wu)權(quan),當然(ran)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)別(bie)除權(quan)的(de)基礎權(quan)利。同時我國(guo)《物(wu)(wu)權(quan)法(fa)》規定了，債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人行使留(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)須滿足幾個條件:一(yi)是(shi)(shi)債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人合法(fa)占有債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人的(de)動(dong)產(chan);二是(shi)(shi)債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人留(liu)置(zhi)的(de)財產(chan)應(ying)當與債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)屬同一(yi)種法(fa)律關(guan)系;三是(shi)(shi)債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)須已(yi)到清償期(qi)，并(bing)給(gei)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)人一(yi)個行使留(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)的(de)寬(kuan)嚴期(qi)限。

　　我國法(fa)律目(mu)前的(de)相關規定主要有：

　　1、《物權(quan)法(fa)》第230條：“債(zhai)務人(ren)不履(lv)行(xing)到(dao)期債(zhai)務，債(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)可以(yi)留置(zhi)已經合(he)法(fa)占有(you)(you)的債(zhai)務人(ren)的動(dong)(dong)產，并(bing)有(you)(you)權(quan)就該動(dong)(dong)產優先受償。前款規定的債(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)為(wei)留置(zhi)權(quan)人(ren)，占有(you)(you)的動(dong)(dong)產為(wei)留置(zhi)財產。”

　　2、《擔保法》第82條(tiao)：“本法所稱留置，是指依照本法第八十四(si)條(tiao)的(de)規(gui)定，債(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)按照合同(tong)約定占有(you)債(zhai)務人(ren)的(de)動產(chan)，債(zhai)務人(ren)不按照合同(tong)約定的(de)期限履行債(zhai)務的(de)，債(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)有(you)權(quan)依照本法規(gui)定留置該(gai)財產(chan)，以該(gai)財產(chan)折價(jia)(jia)或者以拍賣、變賣該(gai)財產(chan)的(de)價(jia)(jia)款優先受償(chang)。”

　　3、《海商(shang)法》第25條：“船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)優(you)先權(quan)先于船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)留(liu)(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)受償，船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)抵押權(quan)后于船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)留(liu)(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)受償。前款所稱(cheng)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)留(liu)(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)，是指(zhi)造(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)人、修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)人在(zai)合(he)同(tong)另一方未履行合(he)同(tong)時，可以留(liu)(liu)置(zhi)所占(zhan)有的船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)，以保(bao)證(zheng)造(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)費用或者修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)費用得以償還(huan)的權(quan)利。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)留(liu)(liu)置(zhi)權(quan)在(zai)造(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)人、修(xiu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)人不再(zai)占(zhan)有所造(zao)或者所修(xiu)的船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)時消滅。”

　　(三)質權

　　質權(quan)(quan)是指債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)人(ren)在債(zhai)務人(ren)不清(qing)償其債(zhai)務時，可以就債(zhai)務人(ren)或第三(san)人(ren)移轉占有而供作擔保(bao)的動產(chan)或權(quan)(quan)利所賣得(de)的價金優先受(shou)償的權(quan)(quan)利。質權(quan)(quan)的標的分為(wei)(wei)動產(chan)質押和權(quan)(quan)利質押，這兩種(zhong)標的質權(quan)(quan)都是以特(te)定財產(chan)的形式才能做為(wei)(wei)債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)的擔保(bao)。

　　我國(guo)法律目前(qian)的相關規(gui)定主要有：

　　1、《物權(quan)(quan)(quan)法》第208條：“為(wei)擔保債務的(de)履行，債務人或者第三(san)人將(jiang)其(qi)動產出質(zhi)給債權(quan)(quan)(quan)人占有(you)的(de)，債務人不履行到期債務或者發生當事人約定(ding)的(de)實現(xian)質(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)情形，債權(quan)(quan)(quan)人有(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)就該動產優先受償。前(qian)款規定(ding)的(de)債務人或者第三(san)人為(wei)出質(zhi)人，債權(quan)(quan)(quan)人為(wei)質(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人，交付的(de)動產為(wei)質(zhi)押財產。”

　　2、《物權(quan)(quan)(quan)法》第223條(tiao)：“債務人或者第三(san)人有權(quan)(quan)(quan)處分(fen)的(de)(de)下列權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)可(ke)以(yi)出質：(一)匯(hui)票、支(zhi)票、本票;(二)債券、存款單(dan);(三(san))倉單(dan)、提(ti)單(dan);(四)可(ke)以(yi)轉讓的(de)(de)基金份(fen)額、股(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan);(五)可(ke)以(yi)轉讓的(de)(de)注冊商標專(zhuan)用權(quan)(quan)(quan)、專(zhuan)利(li)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、著(zhu)作權(quan)(quan)(quan)等知識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中的(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan);(六)應收(shou)賬款;(七)法律、行政法規規定(ding)可(ke)以(yi)出質的(de)(de)其他財(cai)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)。”

　　3、《擔保法》第(di)63條：“本法所稱(cheng)動(dong)(dong)產質押，是指債(zhai)務人(ren)或者(zhe)(zhe)第(di)三人(ren)將(jiang)其動(dong)(dong)產移(yi)交債(zhai)權人(ren)占有(you)(you)，將(jiang)該動(dong)(dong)產作為(wei)債(zhai)權的(de)擔保。債(zhai)務人(ren)不履行債(zhai)務時，債(zhai)權人(ren)有(you)(you)權依(yi)照本法規定(ding)以該動(dong)(dong)產折價(jia)或者(zhe)(zhe)以拍賣、變賣該動(dong)(dong)產的(de)價(jia)款(kuan)優先受償。前款(kuan)規定(ding)的(de)債(zhai)務人(ren)或者(zhe)(zhe)第(di)三人(ren)為(wei)出質人(ren)，債(zhai)權人(ren)為(wei)質權人(ren)，移(yi)交的(de)動(dong)(dong)產為(wei)質物(wu)。”

　　二、別除權之法定優(you)先權基礎(chu)

　　法(fa)定(ding)優(you)先權(quan)(quan)是指(zhi)特定(ding)債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)人(ren)(ren)依(yi)據法(fa)律(lv)的直接規定(ding)，對債(zhai)務人(ren)(ren)的全部財產(chan)或特定(ding)財產(chan)的變賣價值享有的優(you)先于其(qi)他債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)人(ren)(ren)受償的權(quan)(quan)利。

　　根據我國(guo)法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)，特別(bie)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)權(quan)(quan)包括(kuo)《合同法(fa)》規(gui)定(ding)的建(jian)設工程款優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償權(quan)(quan)、購房消(xiao)費者優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)權(quan)(quan)、《海商法(fa)》規(gui)定(ding)的船舶優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)權(quan)(quan)及《民用航空法(fa)》規(gui)定(ding)的民用航空器優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)權(quan)(quan)等，具體(ti)規(gui)定(ding)如下：

　　(一)建筑工程(cheng)承包人對建筑工程(cheng)款的優先受(shou)償權(quan)

　　《合同法(fa)》第286條規定：“發(fa)(fa)(fa)包(bao)人未按(an)照(zhao)約定支(zhi)付價(jia)款(kuan)的，承包(bao)人可以(yi)催(cui)告(gao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)包(bao)人在合理期限(xian)內支(zhi)付價(jia)款(kuan)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)包(bao)人逾(yu)期不支(zhi)付的，除按(an)照(zhao)建(jian)設工程(cheng)的性質不宜折價(jia)、拍(pai)賣的以(yi)外，承包(bao)人可以(yi)與發(fa)(fa)(fa)包(bao)人協(xie)議(yi)將該工程(cheng)折價(jia)，也(ye)可以(yi)申請人民法(fa)院將該工程(cheng)依法(fa)拍(pai)賣。建(jian)設工程(cheng)的價(jia)款(kuan)就該工程(cheng)折價(jia)或者拍(pai)賣的價(jia)款(kuan)優先(xian)受償(chang)。”

　　《最高人民法(fa)院關(guan)于建設工程(cheng)價(jia)款(kuan)優(you)先(xian)受償(chang)權(quan)問題的批復》規定(ding)，人民法(fa)院在審理房(fang)地產糾紛案件和辦理執行案件中(zhong)，應當依(yi)照《中(zhong)華人民共和國合(he)同(tong)法(fa)》第(di)二(er)百八十六條(tiao)的規定(ding)，認定(ding)建筑工程(cheng)的承包(bao)人的優(you)先(xian)受償(chang)權(quan)優(you)于抵押權(quan)和其他債權(quan)，但該優(you)先(xian)權(quan)不得(de)對(dui)抗已經支付大(da)部分購房(fang)款(kuan)的消費者。

　　(二(er))消費性購房(fang)者的優先權。

　　如前(qian)所述(shu)，《最(zui)高(gao)人民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)關于(yu)建設工程價(jia)款(kuan)優先受償(chang)(chang)權(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)批(pi)復》第(di)2條(tiao)(tiao)明確規定(ding)消費(fei)者交付購買(mai)商(shang)品房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)全部或者大部分款(kuan)項后(hou)，承包人就該商(shang)品房(fang)(fang)享(xiang)有的(de)(de)工程價(jia)款(kuan)優先受償(chang)(chang)權(quan)(quan)不得對抗買(mai)受人。《最(zui)高(gao)人民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)關于(yu)人民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)辦理(li)執行異議和復議案件若干問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)規定(ding)》第(di)29條(tiao)(tiao)則進一步明確了(le)消費(fei)性(xing)購房(fang)(fang)者排除其(qi)他金(jin)錢債權(quan)(quan)人執行的(de)(de)前(qian)提條(tiao)(tiao)件，即(一)在人民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)查封之(zhi)前(qian)已簽(qian)訂合法(fa)有效的(de)(de)書面買(mai)賣合同;(二)所購商(shang)品房(fang)(fang)系用(yong)于(yu)居住且買(mai)受人名下無其(qi)他用(yong)于(yu)居住的(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)屋;(三)已支付的(de)(de)價(jia)款(kuan)超過合同約(yue)定(ding)總價(jia)款(kuan)的(de)(de)百分之(zhi)五十(shi)。

　　最(zui)高人民法院于2002年所頒布(bu)的《關(guan)于審理(li)企業破產(chan)(chan)案件若(ruo)干問題的規定(ding)》(2002年9月(yue)1日施行)則根(gen)據《中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和國企業破產(chan)(chan)法(試行)》關(guan)于“特定(ding)物非破產(chan)(chan)財產(chan)(chan)”的原理(li)，將特定(ding)物買賣(mai)中(zhong)尚未轉移(yi)占有但相對人已(yi)完全支付對價的特定(ding)物和尚未辦理(li)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)證或者產(chan)(chan)權(quan)過(guo)戶手(shou)續但已(yi)向買方交(jiao)付的財產(chan)(chan)排(pai)除在破產(chan)(chan)財產(chan)(chan)之外，買受人享有十足(zu)的別除權(quan)。

　　(三(san))拍賣劃撥的(de)(de)國(guo)有土地使用權(quan)所得價款(kuan)對抵押權(quan)人的(de)(de)優先受償權(quan)

　　劃(hua)撥國(guo)有土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)權因(yin)有著相對固定的用(yong)途，因(yin)此在取得時一般無需支付土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)出(chu)讓(rang)金(jin)，但當劃(hua)撥國(guo)有土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)權單獨或連同(tong)地(di)上建筑(zhu)一同(tong)拍賣(mai)時，土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)權的價值必然會(hui)體現(xian)在變價款(kuan)中。為此，法律規(gui)定劃(hua)撥國(guo)有土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)權拍賣(mai)時，所得價款(kuan)應(ying)當先繳納土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)出(chu)讓(rang)金(jin)，再(zai)用(yong)于抵(di)押(ya)權人受償。

　　《擔保法(fa)》第56條(tiao)規(gui)定：“拍賣劃撥的(de)國有土地使(shi)用權(quan)所(suo)得的(de)價款(kuan)，在依(yi)法(fa)繳(jiao)納相當于應繳(jiao)納的(de)土地使(shi)用權(quan)出讓(rang)金的(de)款(kuan)額后，抵押(ya)權(quan)人有優(you)先受償(chang)權(quan)”。

　　《中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國城市房(fang)地(di)產管(guan)理法》第(di)51條(tiao)：設定房(fang)地(di)產抵押權(quan)的(de)土地(di)使用權(quan)是以劃(hua)撥(bo)方(fang)式(shi)取得的(de)，依(yi)法拍(pai)賣該房(fang)地(di)產后(hou)，應(ying)當從拍(pai)賣所(suo)得的(de)價款(kuan)中(zhong)繳納(na)(na)相(xiang)當于應(ying)繳納(na)(na)的(de)土地(di)使用權(quan)出讓金的(de)款(kuan)額后(hou)，抵押權(quan)人(ren)方(fang)可優先(xian)受償。

　　(四)《海商法》對船舶優先權

　　《海商法》第21條(tiao)(tiao)規定(ding)：“船舶優(you)(you)先(xian)權(quan)，是指海事請(qing)求人(ren)(ren)依照本法第二十二條(tiao)(tiao)的規定(ding)，向(xiang)船舶所有人(ren)(ren)、光船承租人(ren)(ren)、船舶經營人(ren)(ren)提出(chu)海事請(qing)求，對(dui)產(chan)生該海事請(qing)求的船舶具有優(you)(you)先(xian)受償的權(quan)利(li)。”

　　《海(hai)商法》第22條規(gui)定：“下(xia)列(lie)各項海(hai)事請(qing)求(qiu)具有船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)優先權：(一)船(chuan)長、船(chuan)員和(he)在船(chuan)上工作的(de)其(qi)他(ta)在編人員根據勞動(dong)法律、行(xing)政法規(gui)或者勞動(dong)合同所產(chan)生的(de)工資、其(qi)他(ta)勞動(dong)報酬(chou)、船(chuan)員遣返費(fei)用和(he)社會(hui)保險費(fei)用的(de)給(gei)付(fu)(fu)請(qing)求(qiu);(二)在船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)營運中(zhong)發生的(de)人身(shen)傷亡的(de)賠(pei)償請(qing)求(qiu);(三)船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)噸(dun)稅、引航(hang)費(fei)、港務費(fei)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)港口規(gui)費(fei)的(de)繳付(fu)(fu)請(qing)求(qiu);(四)海(hai)難(nan)救助的(de)救助款項的(de)給(gei)付(fu)(fu)請(qing)求(qiu);(五)船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)在營運中(zhong)因侵權行(xing)為產(chan)生的(de)財產(chan)賠(pei)償請(qing)求(qiu)。”

　　《海商法》第(di)29條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定：“船舶優先(xian)權，除本法第(di)二(er)十六條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)外，因(yin)下列原因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)而消滅：(一(yi))具有船舶優先(xian)權的(de)海事(shi)請求，自優先(xian)權產生之(zhi)日起滿一(yi)年不行使;(二(er))船舶經法院強制出售(shou);(三(san))船舶滅失(shi)。前款第(di)(一(yi))項(xiang)的(de)一(yi)年期限(xian)，不得中(zhong)止或(huo)者(zhe)中(zhong)斷。”

　　另根據最高院《關于(yu)可否將航(hang)道養護費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)繳(jiao)付(fu)請求列入船舶(bo)優先(xian)權(quan)問題的(de)(de)批(pi)復》的(de)(de)規定，有關航(hang)道養護費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)繳(jiao)付(fu)請求，也屬(shu)于(yu)船舶(bo)優先(xian)權(quan)。

　　(五)《民用(yong)航(hang)空法》中對民用(yong)航(hang)空器(qi)優先(xian)權

　　《民用航空(kong)(kong)法》第18條規定(ding)：“民用航空(kong)(kong)器(qi)優(you)先(xian)權，是指債權人依照本法第十九(jiu)條規定(ding)，向民用航空(kong)(kong)器(qi)所有人、承租人提(ti)出賠償請求，對產生該(gai)賠償請求的民用航空(kong)(kong)器(qi)具有優(you)先(xian)受償的權利。”

　　《民(min)用(yong)(yong)航空(kong)法》第(di)19條規(gui)定(ding)：“下列各項債權具有(you)民(min)用(yong)(yong)航空(kong)器(qi)(qi)優先(xian)權：(一(yi))援(yuan)救該民(min)用(yong)(yong)航空(kong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)報(bao)酬(chou);(二)保(bao)管維護民(min)用(yong)(yong)航空(kong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)必需費用(yong)(yong)。前款(kuan)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)各項債權，后發生的(de)先(xian)受(shou)償。”

　　另《民(min)用航空法》還規(gui)定了地(di)面第(di)三(san)人的(de)(de)(de)損害(hai)賠(pei)償債權對相應的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)險或(huo)者(zhe)擔(dan)保(bao)的(de)(de)(de)優先權，即《民(min)用航空法》第(di)166條：“民(min)用航空器的(de)(de)(de)經營人應當投(tou)保(bao)地(di)面第(di)三(san)人責任(ren)險或(huo)者(zhe)取(qu)得相應的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)擔(dan)保(bao)。”《民(min)用航空法》第(di)169條：“依(yi)照本(ben)法第(di)一百六十六條規(gui)定提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)險或(huo)者(zhe)擔(dan)保(bao)，應當被專(zhuan)門指定優先支付本(ben)章規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)償。”

　　延伸閱讀

　　典型案例：

　　通州建總集團有限(xian)公司(si)訴安徽天宇化工有限(xian)公司(si)別除權糾(jiu)紛案

　　裁判要點：

　　符合(he)《中華人民共和國破產法(fa)》第十八條(tiao)規定的(de)情(qing)形，建設工程施工合(he)同視為解(jie)除的(de)，承包人行使優先受償權的(de)期限應自(zi)合(he)同解(jie)除之日起計(ji)算。

　　基本案情：

　　2006年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si))與通(tong)(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)總(zong)(zong)集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)通(tong)(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si))簽(qian)訂了一(yi)份(fen)《建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)》，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)將其廠區(qu)(qu)一(yi)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生產(chan)廠區(qu)(qu)的土(tu)建(jian)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)包(bao)給通(tong)(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)承(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)，開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)日(ri)(ri)期:暫(zan)定(ding)2006年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(以實際開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)報告(gao)為準)，竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)日(ri)(ri)期：2007年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期總(zong)(zong)日(ri)(ri)歷天(tian)(tian)(tian)數300天(tian)(tian)(tian)。發(fa)包(bao)方不(bu)按合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)支付(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)，雙方未達成延(yan)期付(fu)款(kuan)協議(yi)，承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)可停(ting)止施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，由發(fa)包(bao)人(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔違約(yue)(yue)責(ze)任。后雙方又(you)簽(qian)訂一(yi)份(fen)《合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)補(bu)充協議(yi)》，對支付(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)又(you)做了新(xin)的約(yue)(yue)定(ding)，并(bing)(bing)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)廠區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期為113天(tian)(tian)(tian)，生活區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期為266天(tian)(tian)(tian)。2006年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)23日(ri)(ri)，監理公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)下(xia)達開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)令，通(tong)(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)遂(sui)組織施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，2007年(nian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廠區(qu)(qu)的廠房等主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)。后因(yin)(yin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)未按合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)支付(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)，致(zhi)使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，該工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)今未竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)。2011年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)，雙方在仲裁(cai)期間達成和解協議(yi)，約(yue)(yue)定(ding)如處(chu)置安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)土(tu)地及建(jian)筑物償債時，通(tong)(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)可優先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償。后安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)因(yin)(yin)不(bu)能(neng)清償到期債務(wu)，江蘇宏遠(yuan)建(jian)設集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)向安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省(sheng)滁(chu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市中級(ji)人(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院申(shen)請(qing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)破(po)(po)產(chan)還(huan)債。安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省(sheng)滁(chu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市中級(ji)人(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院于2011年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)26日(ri)(ri)作出(2011)滁(chu)民(min)(min)二破(po)(po)字(zi)第(di)00001號民(min)(min)事(shi)裁(cai)定(ding)，裁(cai)定(ding)受(shou)理破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)請(qing)。2011年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)，通(tong)(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)向安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)破(po)(po)產(chan)管(guan)理人(ren)申(shen)報債權并(bing)(bing)主張(zhang)對該工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)享(xiang)有(you)優先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償權。2013年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)19日(ri)(ri)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省(sheng)滁(chu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市中級(ji)人(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院作出(2011)滁(chu)民(min)(min)二破(po)(po)字(zi)第(di)00001-2號民(min)(min)事(shi)裁(cai)定(ding)，宣告(gao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宇(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)破(po)(po)產(chan)。通(tong)(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)于2013年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)27日(ri)(ri)提起訴(su)訟，請(qing)求確認其債權享(xiang)有(you)優先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償權。

　　裁判結果：

　　安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)滁州(zhou)市(shi)中級人(ren)民(min)法院于2014年(nian)2月(yue)28日作出(2013)滁民(min)一(yi)初字(zi)第00122號(hao)民(min)事判決(jue)：確認原告通(tong)州(zhou)建總集團有限公司對申(shen)報(bao)的(de)債權就其施工(gong)的(de)被告安(an)徽(hui)天宇化(hua)(hua)工(gong)有限公司生產廠區土建、安(an)裝工(gong)程享(xiang)有優先受(shou)償權。宣判后，安(an)徽(hui)天宇化(hua)(hua)工(gong)有限公司提出上訴。安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)高級人(ren)民(min)法院于2014年(nian)7月(yue)14日作出(2014)皖(wan)民(min)一(yi)終字(zi)第00054號(hao)民(min)事判決(jue)，駁回上訴，維(wei)持原判。

　　裁判理由：

　　法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院生(sheng)效裁(cai)(cai)判認(ren)為(wei)(wei)：本案雙(shuang)方當事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)簽訂的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)雖約(yue)定(ding)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)，但涉案工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)因(yin)安徽(hui)天(tian)(tian)宇公(gong)司(si)(si)未能按合(he)(he)同(tong)約(yue)定(ding)支(zhi)付工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款導(dao)致(zhi)停工(gong)(gong)(gong)。現沒有(you)證(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)明在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)停工(gong)(gong)(gong)后至法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院受(shou)理(li)(li)(li)破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)(shen)請前，雙(shuang)方簽訂的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)已經(jing)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)或終(zhong)止履(lv)行(xing)，也沒有(you)證(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)明在法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院受(shou)理(li)(li)(li)破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)(shen)請后，破(po)(po)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)決定(ding)繼續履(lv)行(xing)合(he)(he)同(tong)。根據(ju)《中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和(he)國破(po)(po)產(chan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》第十(shi)八條“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院受(shou)理(li)(li)(li)破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)(shen)請后，管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)(shen)請受(shou)理(li)(li)(li)前成立而債務人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)對方當事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均未履(lv)行(xing)完(wan)畢的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)有(you)權決定(ding)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)或繼續履(lv)行(xing)，并通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)對方當事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)(shen)請受(shou)理(li)(li)(li)之日起(qi)(qi)(qi)二個月(yue)未通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)對方當事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，或者(zhe)自收到(dao)對方當事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)催告之日起(qi)(qi)(qi)三十(shi)日內未答復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)，視為(wei)(wei)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)合(he)(he)同(tong)”之規定(ding)，涉案建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)在法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院受(shou)理(li)(li)(li)破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)(shen)請后已實(shi)際解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)，本案建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)正常竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)。按照最高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院全國民事(shi)(shi)(shi)審判工(gong)(gong)(gong)作會議紀要精(jing)神，因(yin)發包人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)，合(he)(he)同(tong)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)或終(zhong)止履(lv)行(xing)時(shi)已經(jing)超(chao)出合(he)(he)同(tong)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)日期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)，承(cheng)包人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)使優(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)(chang)權的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)限自合(he)(he)同(tong)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)之日起(qi)(qi)(qi)計算，安徽(hui)天(tian)(tian)宇公(gong)司(si)(si)要求按合(he)(he)同(tong)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)日期(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)算優(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)(chang)權行(xing)使時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)主張，缺乏依據(ju)，不予(yu)采(cai)信(xin)。2011年(nian)8月(yue)26日，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院裁(cai)(cai)定(ding)受(shou)理(li)(li)(li)對安徽(hui)天(tian)(tian)宇公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)產(chan)申(shen)(shen)請，2011年(nian)10月(yue)10日通(tong)(tong)州建(jian)(jian)總公(gong)司(si)(si)向安徽(hui)天(tian)(tian)宇公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)申(shen)(shen)報(bao)債權并主張工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款優(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)(chang)權，因(yin)此，通(tong)(tong)州建(jian)(jian)總公(gong)司(si)(si)主張優(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)(chang)權的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)2011年(nian)10月(yue)10日。安徽(hui)天(tian)(tian)宇公(gong)司(si)(si)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)通(tong)(tong)州建(jian)(jian)總公(gong)司(si)(si)行(xing)使優(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)(chang)權的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)超(chao)過了(le)破(po)(po)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)之日六(liu)個月(yue)，與事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)不符，不予(yu)支(zhi)持。

　　案例評析：

　　根(gen)據《最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院關(guan)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)價款(kuan)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問題的(de)批(pi)復》第一條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)“人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院在審理房地產糾紛案件和(he)辦理執行(xing)案件中，應當依(yi)照《中華人(ren)民(min)共和(he)國合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)》第二百八十六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，認定(ding)(ding)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)的(de)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)優(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)抵(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)其他(ta)債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。”即建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)的(de)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)為法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，優(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)抵(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)其他(ta)債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。另《最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院關(guan)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)價款(kuan)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問題的(de)批(pi)復》第四條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了：“建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)行(xing)使優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)期(qi)(qi)限為六(liu)個月，自建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之日(ri)或者建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之日(ri)起(qi)計算。”本案中，雖《建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)》約定(ding)(ding)了竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間(jian)，但(dan)因發包(bao)方未能按(an)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)支付工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)，致使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)停工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，故法(fa)(fa)院不(bu)予采信(xin)安徽天宇公司要求的(de)按(an)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)起(qi)算優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)使時間(jian)的(de)主張，因此通州建(jian)總公司不(bu)受(shou)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)使期(qi)(qi)限的(de)限制，

　　——選自：指導案例(li)73號